Association of Selenoprotein P Levels With Proteinuria Severity in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the leading causes of chronic kidney disease and progression to end-stage renal failure. Identifying new biomarkers that
correlate with nephropathy severity may improve risk stratification and clinical decision-making processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship
between serum selenoprotein levels, renal function parameters, and proteinuria severity in newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus patients.
Materials and Methods: Ninety patients with diabetes mellitus were divided into three groups according to their proteinuria status: those without proteinuria (n=30),
those with microalbuminuria (30–300 mg/g, n=30), and those with macroalbuminuria (>300 mg/g, n=30). Demographic characteristics, glycemic indicators, renal
function tests, and serum selenoprotein P concentrations were evaluated.
Results: Selenoprotein P levels showed a gradual increase across groups (1,61 [1,23–2,10], 3,28 [2,79–4,07], and 7,13 [5,51–8,34], respectively; p < 0,001). Proteinuria
severity showed a strong positive correlation with selenoprotein P (r=0.794, p<0.001), creatinine (r=0.532, p<0.001), and HbA1c (r=0.406, p<0.001), and negatively
correlated with GFR (r=−0.681, p<0.001).
Conclusion: Increased selenoprotein P concentrations are closely associated with worsening proteinuria and renal dysfunction and support its potential as an early
biomarker of diabetic nephropathy.