Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value Is Independently Associated With Vascular Burden in Patients Undergoing Carotid Artery Stenting

Objective: The pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV ) is a composite inflammatory biomarker investigated in cardiovascular diseases. This study evaluated the
association between PIV and vascular comorbidity burden in patients undergoing carotid artery stenting (CAS).
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 221 patients who underwent CAS between 2010 and 2025. PIV was calculated from peripheral blood cells.
Vascular burden comprised hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, smoking, coronary artery disease, and previous cerebrovascular events. Patients were
categorized into low (0–2) and high (3–5) burden groups. Associations were assessed using correlation and regression analyses, and discrimination by ROC analysis.
Results: PIV was higher in patients with high vascular burden (428.9 [287.1–701.9] vs. 287.1 [202.1–452.5], p=0.001) and correlated positively with vascular burden
(rho=0.317, p<0.001). Each 100-unit increase in PIV was independently associated with high vascular burden (OR=1.152; 95% CI: 1.058–1.255; p=0.001). In adjusted
ordinal regression, PIV was associated with higher vascular burden (OR=1.116; 95% CI: 1.062–1.174; p<0.001). ROC analysis yielded an AUC of 0.651 (95% CI: 0.577–
0.725).
Conclusion: Higher PIV was independently associated with greater vascular comorbidity burden in patients undergoing CAS. However, its modest discriminatory
performance limits its use as a standalone risk-stratification tool.