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Aim: Radioiodine treatment with iodine-131 (I-131) is a preferable treatment modality in the hyperthyroidism such as Graves’ disease, nodular and multinodular goitre. In this retrospective study, we aimed to report short-term results of the hyperthyroid patients admitted to our clinic. Material and Method: Two hundreds and seventy patients admitted to Meram Medical Faculty, Department of Nuclear Medicine from December 2001 to March 2005 was included the study. The diagnosis was Graves’ disease (GD) in 155 (57%), toxic adenoma (TA) in 46 (17%) and toxic multinodular goitre (TMNG) in 69 (26%). The dose administered to patients with GD was 5-28 mCi (mean 10,58 ± 3,43), TA was 6-25 mCi (mean 11,78 ± 3,93), and TMNG was 5-30 mCi (mean 12,13 ± 3,03). Results: After the mean 8,16 ± 7,40 months follow-up, 87 patients (32,2%) were hyperthyroid, 104 (38,5%) were euthyroid, and 79 (29,3%) were hypothyroid. The response of treatment in the long period follow-up was better than short period one. It was determined that the responded group has been followed-up the longer period than the non-responded group (9,10 ± 7,76 months vs 6,17 ± 6,15 months). Mean age of the responded group is 52,09 ± 12,56 years, the other is 56,16 ± 15,38. The difference is significant. Conclusion: In our opinion, the response rate of I-131 therapy would increase in the long term follow-up of hyperthyroid patients.

Aim: Heparine is used during some clinical situations. We aimed to reveal heparin’s effect on vessel smooth muscle mitosis under in vitro conditions. Material and Method: Smooth muscle cells were obtained from the 4th passage of cryostored cell suspension prepared from rabbit femoral artery in cell culture laboratory. The 5th passage was studied as control and study group for four days by adding heparine to the medium. Final cell number was calculated and statistical comparison was done. Results: In the 5th passage smooth muscle cells, of control (G1) and heparin applied (G2) groups, heparin caused a statistically significant (p<0,05) inhibitory effect on cell mitosis. Conclusion: Heparin inhibits mitosis of vascular smooth muscle cells.

Aim: To assess the optimum efficacy and neurological side effect(s) of antihyperlipidemic drug regimens in dyslipidemic adult patients. Material and Method: Fotry-two male, eighty-seven female; totally 129 dyslipidemic patients, 37 to 77 years of age who admitted to neurology and cardiology out-patient clinics were eligible for our study. All of the patients were recommended to reach an ideal body weight and to maintain a standard low-lipid diet. Patients were divided into 5 subgroups and were assigned to receive commonly used antihyperlipidemic agents; low-dose atorvastatin (10 mg), pravastatin (10 mg), simvastatin (10 mg), fenofibrate (200 mg) and a combination of fenofibrate and atorvastatin regimen. Neurological examination was evaluated besides fasting plasma lipid profile and muscle enzyme levels at 0, 3, 6 and 12-month intervals. Electroneuromyography (ENMG) was performed in patients having neurological complaint(s), finding(s) and/or elevated muscle enzyme levels after drug administration. Results: According to ATP III criteria, in the second 6-month period, fenofibrate effectively improved the triglyceride profile in patients with high and borderline plasma lipid levels versus pravastatin therapy. In the first 3-month period, atorvastatin significanty improved LDL-C levels versus fenofibrate. In the first 6-month period, pravastatin caused a marked elevation of creatinine kinase levels versus atorvastatin. Among all the drugs, no other differences were observed either on lipid or on side effect profiles. No pathological findings were observed in patients who underwent ENMG. Conclusion: For the first year, low-dose antihyperlidemic agents have mostly similar efficacy profiles. Encountered side effects are; myalgia and elevated serum creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) levels at a range of 4-68 %. CPK elevations did not exceed to 3 to 10 times as reported in the literature with any of the drugs. In spite of myopathic changes in ENMG, myalgia was commonly reported. In conclusion we suggest that, patients at hig-risk, represent a suitable group for prolonged statin treatment with regular clinical follow-up.

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the prophylactic administration of ondansetron with haloperidol to determine its effects in reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting after middle ear surgery. Material and Method: Forty patients scheduled for middle ear surgery under general anesthesia were randomly allocated in two groups to receive either haloperidol IV 2 mg (Group I) or ondansetron IV 4 mg (Group II) 5 minutes before induction of anesthesia. Standart general anesthesia was applied. During postoperative 24 hours nausea-vomiting was evaluated by using verbal descriptive scala. Results: The nausea-vomiting score was not statistically different between the groups (p>0.05). The incidence of nausea-vomiting and the need for rescue antiemetics were not statistically significant (p>0.05). There was no difference of side effects between the groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that haloperidol 2 mg is as effective as ondansetron 4 mg for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing middle ear surgery.

Aim: Capsule endoscopy is a revolution at the diagnosis of digestive tract diseases by providing a new non-invasive way. In our manuscript we discuss the use of capsule endoscopy in the diagnosis of digestive tract disease. Main Findings: Capsule endoscopy is a new diagnostic tool especially used for the diagnosis digestive tract disease such as obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, small below tumours, coeliac disease, Crohn’s disease, etc. In these patients, the technique is also helpful for effective decision-making concerning subsequent treatments. Beside it is clearly more sensitive than conventional imaging modalities. Conclusion: The capsule endoscopy is a new tecnique consolidated and as its potential is known, its indications are extended. Larger studies are needed to assess the influence of capsule endoscopy on clinical outcoumes.

Aim: To highlight the neurovascular complications of hemodialysis and discuss the therapeutic approaches with the relevant literature. Case Report: A 19- year old man on maintenance hemodialysis who admitted to our clinic with intracerebral hematoma is discussed. Conclusion: Neurovascular complications are being recognised as the major causes of mortality and morbidity in hemodialysis patients. Prevention of neurovascular complications of uremia and accelerated hypertension requires the cooperation of both the neurologists and nephrologists.

Aim: It was aimed to discuss a rare case which was diagnossed as pilomatrix carcinoma. Case Report:We report the case of a 50-year- old man with a pilomatrix carcinoma in his left forearm. In his history the patient announced taht the lesion had developed one year ago, and its size had expanded rapidly after the first six- month period. Diagnosis of malignant pilomatricoma is essentially histopathological .The tumor was composed of pleomorphic basaloid cells with prominent nucleoli and frequent atypical mitoses accompanied by central areas with keratotic materials, shadow cells, and foci of necrosis. Vascular or perineural infiltration was not observed. The patient remained disease-free at the 22 months follow- up. Conclusion: Pilomatrix carcinoma is a neoplasm of low-grade malignancy that should be distinguished from the conventional pilomatrixoma and its variants. Clinicians and pathologists should be aware of the occurrence of pilomatrix carcinoma because of its potential for distant metastases. We reviewed the literature and comment on the histopathologic differences from other cutaneous tumors.