Selçuk Tıp Dergisi Arşiv

Aim: Vertebrobasillar insufficiency (VBI) is a common problem of elderly patients. However, diagnosis of VBI is generally difficult. The aim of this study was to determine the findings and efficiencies of MRA and CDUS in the diagnosis of VBI. Material and Method: We examined 40 patients (20 men, 20 women, mean age: 54.83±14.36 years) having signs and symptoms of VBI and 20 controls of the same age and sex. All of the patients, underwent cervical MRA, CDUS, cranial MRI. The diameter measurements and systolic and diastolic flow velocities of the vertebral arteries were compared between study and control group. Posterior circulation was also evaluated by cranial MRI in patients with VBI. Results: By CDUS, 9 patients with oclusion, 5 patients with kink or stenosis and 6 patients with only hypoplasia, and 2 patients with insufficient flow were diagnosed. MRA showed occlusion in 14 patients, stenosis in 4 patients, kink in 6 patients, tortuosity in 6 patients, and fenestration in one patient. MRA of the remaining 5 patients were normal. Cranial MRI of 7 patients was abnormal. On MRA, there was distal oclusion in five out of 14 patients having oclusion. CDUS showed low velocity and high resistance in the extracranial segment of these vessels. Conclusion: When only the extracranial pathologies of vertebral arteries were in concern, CDUS specifity was 81,5% and sensitivity was 84,6% according to MRA. If all the vertebrobasillary system pathologies were in concern CDUS sensitivity and specifity according to MRA were 57,1% and 60%, respectively.

Aim: According to the neurovascular theory, stimulation of the trigeminovascular system is the cause of neurogenic inflammation and pain in migraine. The blink reflex that is elicited by supraorbital stimulation of trigeminal ophthalmic division is a useful method to study the functioning of trigeminal system. The purpose of this study was to examine the blink reflex in migraine patients. Material and method: In this study, blink reflex latencies were evaluated in 25 migraine patients (average age 34,76±8,23 yrs) and compared to those of 25 healthy controls (average age 35,5±8 yrs). Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired Student t test. Results: Results obtained from migraine patients were as follows; ipsilateral latency component R1:11,22±1,64 msec, ipsilateral latency component R2:31,33±4,12 msec, contralateral latency component R2:33,12±5,18. Results obtained from healthy controls were as follows; ipsilateral latency component R1: 10,21±1,42 msec, ipsilateral latency component R2 31,09±2,4 msec, contralateral latency component R2: 32,31±3,34 nmsec. Ipsilateral R1 latencies were found to be significantly prolonged than those of the healthy controls. Conclusion: The results might suggest a dysfunction in trigeminal networks in brainstem bof migraineurs and support the trigeminovascular theory of migraine.

Aim: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the ratio of hepatitis A seropositivity in patients who applied to the outpatient clinics of of Pediatrics in Meram Medical Faculty of Selcuk University. Material and Method: 345 patients who applied to our outpatient clinics between December 2005 and June 2006 were included in the study. These children were divided into three groups as 2-6, 7-11 and 12-16 years, respectively. AntiHAV Ig M and Ig G were studied in all patients using ELISA method. The statistical analysis of the results was evaluated according to SPSS 10.0 program. Results: Positivity of anti-HAV Ig M and Ig G were found as 1.4 % and 28.7 %, respectively. When compared, hepatitis A seropositivity was significantly higher in children of school age than children under school age. Conclusion: Because hepatitis A seropositivity in children increases significantly with school age, vaccination should be recommended before school age.

Aim: We aimed to search the effects of erythropoietin on anastamoses recovery in the rats to which rchemotherapy was applied and intestine anastomos was made. Material and Method: The study was carried out at Selcuk University Experimental Research Center (SUDAM). The rats were divided into 4 groups including 10 subjects. The subjects in all groups were weighed before the surgical operation and laparotomy was made with middle line cutting. Nothing but standard feeding was made to the subjects in the 1st group after making sigmoid colon anastomoses. Subcutan erythropoietin injection was administered to the 2nd group after colon anastomoses. The 3rd group was injected intraperitoneal 5- fluorouracil after colon anastomoses was made. The 4th group was made intraperitoneal 5- fluorouracil after colon anastomoses, and subcutan erythropoietin injection was administered.On the 7th day following the anastomoses, the rats were weighed and they were sacrificed. Anastomoses bursting pressure among the groups, hydroxyproline level in the samples taken from anastomoses line and collagen and rich bind tissue formation from the fibroblast histopathologically, the rise angiogenesis, intensity in inflammation and the existence of necrosis were evaluated. Results: In the rats to which erythropoietin was applied, the bursting pressures and hydroxyproline levels were significantly higher than those of the control group statistically. During the histopathological examination, it was seen that rich bind tissue formation from angiogenesis and collagen in the erythropoietin group rose while there was a significant reduction in the formation of inflammation and necrosis. These positive effects of erythropoietin was also established in the rats to which 5- fluorouracil was applied. Conclusion: In the rats to which colo-colic anastomoses was made, it was considered that erythropoietin inflammation had positive effects on angiogenesis with its influences on proliferation and restructuring. The same positive effects were observed in the rats which used 5-fluorouracil. Thus, it can be expected that erythropoietin can reduce the risk of anastomoses escape after colo-colic anastomoses and in conditions such as chemoteraphy, which negatively affects the recovery of anastomoses.

Aim: To determine the susceptible choledocholithiasis during laparoscopic cholecystectomy via selective intraoperative cholangiography. Materyal and Method: It has been obtained laparoscopic cholangiography for susceptible choledocholithiasis in 16 of 100 cases during the laparoscopic cholecystectomy. It has been based clasical intraoperative cholangiography criteria for this process. Results: We found that only one case had a stone in common bile duct and the others were normal. Besides, it has been had some ideas about the variations of the extrahepatic bile ducts. Conclusion: Peroperatuar laparoscopic cholangiography is a reliable method to see intraductal stones and the anatomic variations of bile ducts.

Aim: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Clinical, imaging, and pathological studies in multiple sclerosis have generally emphasized the relative preservation of axons in comparison with myelin. Recent evidence, however, demonstrates that axonal loss is also significant, affects long tracts such as the corticospinal and sensory tracts and relates closely to functional disability. In this article we will consider emerging observations that reflect on the mechanisms of axon loss. Main Findings: There are different mechanisms of axon loss occur. Mechanisms of axon loss: Axonal damage in the inflammation, demyelination- induced axon loss, wallerian degeneration, and final common pathway in the axon loss. Conclusion: Axon loss is irreversible and responsible for long term disability. However therapies are also needed that enhance remyelination or neuroprotective.

Aim: Awake fiberoptic intubation is the preferred method of intubation for patients who fulfill criteria for difficult intubation. Numerous agents have been used to provide sedation during these procedure. In this study the use of the alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist, dexmedetomidine has been reported. Case Report: A 44-yr-old male with bilateral ankylosis of temporomandibular joint was admitted for gap artroplasty. The patient’s interincisal distance was 5 mm. Electrocardiogram, noninvasive blood pressure cuff, a pulse oximeter and after intubation end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring were applied. Topical anesthesia was provided by lidocaine gargle. Dexmedetomidine and midazolam were applied for sedation and analgesia. A fiberoptic intubation was nasally performed providing spontaneous breathing. Sufficient oral amount of opening was provided with surgery and he was extubated. Conclusion: We concluded that; following a careful preoperative preparation, fiberoptic intubation can be performed providing spontaneous breathing without any problem in patients having restricted mouth opening and dexmedetomidine can be used for satisfactory sedation, patient cooperation, analgesia without causing respiratory distress.

Aim: Intestinal obstruction is a commonly encountered surgical emergency, and usually occurs secondary to intestinal adhesions, bads and obstructed hernia. However, at times, rare causes of intestinal obstruction may be encountered such as the abdominal cocoon, also known as sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis, which is a rare condition that is characterized by the encasement of the small bowel by a fibrocollagenic cocoon like sac. Case Report: A 35 years old male patient was operated for intestinal obstruction. During the the surgery, it was observed that all the small intestines were encaged in a fibrous case and dense adhesions were present between the intestines. Capsule and adhesions were separated by blunt and sharp dissections. Conclusion: Separation of the fibrous sac and bands between the intestines is the sufficient treatment, bridectomy and resections must be as limited as possible