Selçuk Tıp Dergisi Arşiv

In this article is compiled the current knowledge about oncogenic retroviruses. Cancer is a disease that affects millions of people around the world. The findings of the researches indicate that viral factors cause cancer. Viral factors associated with cancer leads to uncontrolled and abnormal growth of cells by their oncogenesis mechanisms. Cancer viruses can be found in both the DNA and RNA viruses. All RNA tumor viruses are located in retroviruses family.

With the rapid technological advances, ultrasonography (US) has become an important breast imaging procedure in the last decade. In addition to the complementary role to mammography and magnetic resonance imaging, today it has an important place in interventional situations such as guiding needle aspiration, core needle biopsy and presurgery needle localization. American College of Radiology has developed “The Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System” (BIRADS) lexicon to standardize the terminology in the US reports. This lexicon includes the descriptors from several feature categories, the assessment of findings and the recommendation of the action to be taken. Six morphologic features were described for solid breast masses: shape, orientation, margin, lesion boundary, internal echo pattern and posterior acoustic features. Despite the known overlap between benign and malignant features, typical signs of benignity were oval shape, gently lobulation, homogenous hyperechogenity, parallel orientation; typical signs of malignity were irregular shape, antiparallel orientation, noncircumscribed margin, echogenic halo, decreased sound transmission. The purpose of this article was to discuss reliability of these BIRADS US lexicon descriptors in the differentiation of benign from malignant solid masses of the breast.

Today, age of childbearing women is increasing because of social and economic conditions. Although gynecological cancers are seen in old age, some of them may occur in reproductive age. With recent advances in the fields of surgery, pathology and chemotherapy, low risk patient group can be identified in gynecological cancers. Fertility sparing surgery appears as a parallel development in current cancer treatment, when considering the emotional condition, physical appearance, sexual function and fertility desire of the patient.

Among bone lesions, bone metastases are the most common lesions leading to malignant destruction. Bone metastases commonly result in severe pain that is hard to handle. Appropriate treatment of pain associated with bone metastases is critical for the improvement of the patients’ quality of life. In this article, current treatment approaches regarding bone metastasis are reviewed.

Perforation caused by gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) is not a frequently observed phenomenon. Therefore, we intend to present a case in which perforation was observed in proximal jejunum caused by GIST. A patient who had been complaining of abdominal pain for about 30 days was operated on after being diagnosed with acute abdominal pain. Perforation was observed in proximal jejunum. At the end of the histopathological examination performed after the resectioning of this segment, the case was reported as high risk GIST. A medical treatment was arranged for the patient after his surgical treatment was completed. No finding of recurrence of the disease exists in the patient who has been kept under close observation as he is in the high risk group histopathologically. Generally identified by chance, cases of GIST may also present themselves as acute stomach through perforation.

68-year –old male patient was being accepted from a special clinic to us with a presumed diagnosis of right upper lobe tumor .The patient has a respiratory distress,weight loss,palpitations. Mediastinal enlargement was seen in the upper right chest film. Thoracic computed tomography was noticed a mass nearly 5x7x3 size which connection with cervical area and deviated from outside the trachea,compressing right lobe anterobasal segment . Thyroid hormone tests were performed and showed hyperthyroidism .The patient took anthyroid agent only 1 month and then taken operation elective conditions .We performed operation with a general surgery cervical insision after parsial median sternotomy. Total troidectomy was performed, after the realised cervical troid upper side of neck and then tracheal , borned from intrathoracic component preserved vascular and paratroid structure.The specimen nearly 5x7x3 cm which called noduler collaidal guatr from the pathology .The patient was discharged without any problem by giving thyroid hormone.

Clear cell sarcoma also known as malign melanoma, is a rare tmour originated from neural crest cells. It is closely related with tendons and aponeurosis. It is most common in females between 2 nd and 4 th decades. CCS is a high degree agresive tumour and survival rate is low. In this paper, we report a patient whom wide resection was applied for a clear cell sarcoma at his left knee and followed by oncology clinic. Postoperatively however the patient was lost 10 months following the surgery.

The metastatic ovarian tumors constitute 3 to 8% of all and 10 to 30% of malignant ovarian tumors. The common primary sites for metastatic disease to the ovaries include the colon stomach, breast and the genitoürinary tract. Hematolojic malignancies, including lymhoma and leukemia, also involve the ovaries. Clinical history, tumor markers, tumor morphological-histological features and imaging features are useful to distinguish secondary ovarian tumors from primary ovarian tumors. Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI) provides useful information for characterization of various ovarian benign or malign masses. The use of MRI for diagnosis of ovarian masses includes consideration of morphologic characteristics and signal intensity characteristics on T1 and T2-weighted images. It is important to determine the ovarian metastasis due to change the method of treatment. İn this case we present MRI an ultrasound findings of bilateral ovarian metastasis of lobular breast cancer.

Skeletal muscle metastasis from non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a rare event and the optimal treatment strategy is still unknown. Herein we report a case with biceps metastasis from NSCLC. A 50-year-old man with a distant biceps metastasis due to NSCLC is presented. One month after chemo-radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy the patient was readmitted with a painful mass located on the right biceps brachii muscle. A biopsy of the painful mass disclosed the muscle metastasis pulmonary adenocarcinoma. The patient was treated with palliative radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy was planned. At the end of the palliative radiotherapy his pain was disappeared. Two months later (18 months after the diagnosis) the patient died of respiratory failure. Palliative radiotherapy may be a good treatment option for patient with muscle metastasis from NSCLC.

Florid reactive lymphoid hyperplasia of uterine cervix is a reactive inflammatory process that mainly occurs in women during their reproductive years. These lesions are histologically similar to lymphoma. Etiology of these lesions are multifactorial but in many cases the cause has not been identified. A 49-year-old female patient admitted to another center with menstrual irregularity and pelvic pain complaints. A cervical biopsy was performed in that examination and the biopsy findings were compatible with cervix carcinoma. The patient referred to our hospital and computerized tomography(CT) was performed. At CT imaging cervix was hypodense and there was an enlargement in cervical volume. There were no specific findings in patient’s endometrial curettage, endocervical curettage and vaginal smear preparations. After the current findings and complaints of the patient, total abdominal hysterectomy and bilaterally Salpingo-oophorectomy were performed. Cervix was enlarged and it was in irregular appearance in the macroscopic examination. A subserosal located myoma in 1,8 cm diameter was detected. In the histopathological examination, erosion of cervical epithelium and dense lymphoid cell infiltration was observed under the epithelium. The appearance was similar to lymphoma, but immunohistochemical staining of CD3 and CD20 staining was heterogeneous in lymphoid cells. As a result of these findings, the case was reported as lymphoma-like lesion. Florid reactive lymphoid hyperplasia of cervix uteri are reactive lesions. Careful clinical, histologic and immunphenotypic correlations are required to avoid misdiagnosis. Immunohistochemical receptor studies are the most reliable diagnosis and management method of these cases.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer after the cutaneous cancers in men worldwide. Acinar adenocarcinomas are the most common histologic type and musinous adenocarcinomas are very rare seen subtype. Here we discuss a 64-year-old man operated benign prostatic hyperplasia case whose resection material’s histopathological examination diagnosed as musinous adenocarcinoma with other literature findings.

Primary mesenteric liposarcoma is a rare condition. It is diagnosed late because symptoms don’t appear until it reaches large sizes. In this article we presented a 32 year old female patient with giant myxoid liposarcoma originating from the small intestine mesentery measuring (35x30x8 cm) and weighing 4123 grams. As a result, liposarcomas should be considered in the distinctive diagnosis of intraabdominal masses. The mass should be excised providing negative surgical margins and the patient should be followed for a long time.

We aimed to present a rare case with giant ovarian tumor which causes intraabdominal mass in a 14-year-old girl. On examination, there were abdominal distension and a palpable solid mass in abdomen. On abdominal ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) examination, a giant mass, which covers all intraabdominal cavity, was identified in the abdomen. Laparatomy was carried out in elective conditions after all tests had been performed. The mass originated from left ovary was excised totally via left salpingoooferectomy, following both ovaries and both tuba uterinas. The operative diagnosis of dysgerminoma was confirmed with histopathologic examination. Chemotherapy was scheduled by Hematology-Oncology Department. Dysgerminoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the girls who are admitted with the intraabdominal giant masses.

Demonstrating the imaging findings of asymptomatic giant thymolipoma mimicking cardiomegaly is aimed. A paracardiac mass was detected with 32-year-old male patient afterwards demonstration of cardiomegaly on a posterior-anterior (PA) chest x-ray examination taken for a routine control. Computed tomography (CT) showed a mass, localized in the anterior mediastinum, with smooth margins, showing no significant invasion of adjacent structures, and including fat density with fibrous component. The diagnosis was reported as thymolipoma histopathologically after transthoracic biopsy. On a preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) examination, taken for detailing the limits of the lesion, the mass showed hyperintensity on both T1 and T2 weighted images, and suppression on fat saturated T2 weighted images. No invasion of adjacent structures was detected. A thymolipoma may reach a large size without symptoms due to its great pliability. It can mimic cardiomegaly on x-ray images. Adipose tissue on CT is helpful in the diagnosis. MRI gives valuable information in determining the exact boundaries of the lesion.

Mesenteric panniculitis is a situation which effects adipose tissue of the mesentery with inflammation and fibrosis. There may be symptoms like stomachache, nausea, vomiting or asymptomatic. Trauma, abdominal surgery, infection are the main causes and recently its association with the malignancy has been increased. We reported asymptomatic mesenteric panniculitis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia that hasn’t been experienced before in the literature.