Makale Arama

Seroprevalance of hepatitis C and HIV are viral diseases transmitted by blood transfusion and sexual contact. In this study we aimed to evaluate the seroprevalance of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV at healthy volunteer blood donor who applied to the blood center of Meram Medical Faculty of Selcuk University. HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HIV test results were evaluated retrospectively between January 1993-June 2003 at 169708 blood donor who applied our blood center. HBsAg prevalance in the healthy blood donor which applied our center was 7.3% in 1993 and decreased by years to 1.6% in 2000, 1.7% in 2001, 2.1% in 2002, 1.8% in first half part of 2003. Anti-HCV prevalance in these donors were 0.24% in 1997, 0.25% in 1998 and 1999, 0.23% in 2000, 0.10% in 2001, 0.20% in 2002 and 0.15% in first half part of 2003. Anti-HIV test was reactive in 8 sera but by the confirmation test no positive test was found. The average HBsAG prevalance was 3.8%. The improvement was provided in Hepatitis B, C and HIV prevalance in blood donors by the way of vaccination and education. As a result the HBsAg prevalance was decreased gradually. Anti-HCV prevalance was decreased in 2001 according to 1998-99. However the prevalance of hepatitis C was not decreased because vaccination was not possible.No HIV positive blood donor was found during six years. This is due to HIV doubtful blood donors separated by means of blood donor information form or these kind of person don’t want to be a blood donor.

In this study, we have planned to determine: The vaccination situation of the two age groups of children in the first and fifth classes of the primary schools of Konya province by looking at the BCG scars; the effects of BCG vaccination to tuberculin tests; the tuberculin reaction that can distinguish the natural infection in one time vaccinated children. We have also investigated the situation of tuberculosis infection in Konya province for contituting data for our region. We have included 2652 students of first and fifth classes of the primary school (1374 and 1188). 414 (16.2%) of the children had no BCG vaccinations. 2029 (%79.2) of the vaccinated 2148 children had only one and 119 (%4.6) children had two vaccinations. Mean tuberculin endurations were respectively 1,186±2,188 mm 4,489±4,643 mm and 10.890±4.037 mm in unvaccinated and in the children who had waccinated twice. Morower, 9(%2.2) of the unvaccinated 414 children, 438 (21.6) of one time vaccinated 2029 children and 85 (%70.5) of two times vaccinated 119 children had 10mm or larger endurtions. The infection rate was %4.2 in the whole group. In the group of unvaccinated children, the risk of yearly infections was 0.22 in the 7 year old children group and 0.31 in the 11 year old children group. As a result, we have determined that vaccinations in the newborn age group are succesfull but revaccinations are not enough. BCG vaccination is increasing the tuberculin reaction and pozitive tuberculin enduration is ≤14 mm.

Diarrhea goes on to be an important reason of morbidity and mortality in childhood. Rotavirus infections are among the most common casues of severe gastroenteritis in infants and small children. Secondary bacteremia cases after rotavirus have been rarely reported. An eight month of boy was hospitalized due to rotavirus gastroenteritis and moderate dehydration. After his symptoms resolved with intrevenous hydration and probiotic sachet, fever and deteriotation in general condition were realized on the third day and sepsis was diagnosed. He was monitorized in Intensive Care Unit and started ceftriaxone, amikacine, and vancomycine empirically. His blood culture grew Klebsiella oxytoca which was sensitive to ceftriaxone and amikacine. Vancomycine was stopped and other antibiotics were given for totally 14 days. He was discharged when recovered completely. Bacterial sepsis secondary to rotavirus is an important clinical situation. Fever lasting more than 48 hours or fever rising after remission should be alarming. The importance of rotavirus vaccination should be emphasized because of its probable protective effects on disease complications.

Aim: Patients who diagnosed acute viral hepatitis between 1990-2004 were avaluated for etiological, epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics, retrospectively. Material and method: Patients who had acute symptoms and physical examination findings suggesting acute viral hepatitis were evaluated by ELISA and PCR methods. Results: Mean age of the patient group was 26.76±14.51 years (7-77). 297 of the patient groups were male, 270 of them were female. Acute viral hepatitis A, B, C, D, E were diagnosed in 270 (48.2%), 233 (41.5%), 18 (3.2%), 3 (0.5%), 1 (0.2%) patients respectively. Hepatitis A + B coinfection were diagnosed in 4 (0.7%) patients whereas; in 29 patients (5.2%) diagnosis remained obscured. Acute viral hepatitis A was tend to occur in students during autumn and winter. Route of infection could not be identified in 377 (67.2%) patients. Weakness (73.8%), jaundice (67%), nausea (66.1%) and dark urine (56.9%) are the most frequent complaints whereas; jaundice (85%), hepatomegaly (44%) and splenomegaly (8.2%) were the most common signs noted during physical examination. Mean AST, ALT, total bilurubin values were 1433.38 (106-7963), 1951.96 (218-15596), 9.13 (1.3-35) respectively. Conclusion: Value of anti-hepatitis A and B virus vaccination is underlined because of lackness of any transmission-associated risk factors in majority of acute viral hepatitis patients.

With the understanding that adipose tissue is not only a passive energy store, but also an endocrine organ, interest in bioactive factors secreted from adipose tissue has increased. Adipose tissue, consisting of pre-adipocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and leukocytes, as well as adipocytes, has an important role in systemic metabolic regulation. Chemerin, called tazarotene-induced gene 2 (TIG2) or retinoic acid receptor responder 2 (RARRES2), was first discovered in 1997 in psoriatic skin lesions as a retinoic acid-sensitive gene. It was later determined that chemerin regulates adipogenesis and adipocyte metabolism, with data showing that it alters adipocyte differentiation, expression of important genes in glucose and lipid metabolism, and is classified as a new adipokine. The effects of chemerin in circulating and inflammatory fluids are mediated through receptor G protein-bound receptor chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1). The increase in the number of clinical trials associated with increased levels of local and / or circulating chemerin in various diseases, from obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) to inflammatory diseases, supports the important roles of chemerin in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Although it is clear that serum chemerin levels increase in these diseases, the mechanisms regulating the expression of the chemerin are not fully understood. More randomized controlled studies are needed to understand the mechanisms of action of chemerin.

Two cases of morphea which developed after hepatitis B vaccination at the sides of injection were presented. One of these two patients was a 25 years old female. She referred to our clinic with complaints of brownish spots and hardening on external side of her right arm. In her history she said that she was given hepatitis-B vaccination a year ago, on the thickened parts of her arm, twice with 4 weeks internal. Itching, discoloration and hardening started on these regions 3-4 months later, especially inceasing with exposure to sun. The other case was male and 23 years old. He referred to our clinic with complaints of discoloration, regional hardening, hair fall on the upper part of his right arm. He said that he was given two hepatitis B vaccination 8 months ago with 4 weeks interval. Two months after the innoculation he had the mentioned complaints over the innoculated regions of his arm. Incisional biopsy was taken from both of two cases. Histophathologic examinaton results were found accord with morphea. According to clinic prognosis, plaque and slowly progressive type morphea was found in the female patient and lineer and rapidly progressive type morphea was found in the male patient. Systemic involvement was not determined in both of the two patients. The local and/or systemic treatments were begun to both of the patients.

Aim: In this pre-and post- study, we aimed to compare changes in urological consultations and emergencies
between before and after the pandemic at the same time period o f 2019 and 2020 as two groups.
Patients and Methods: Patient files were retrospectively screened and numbers of consultations, surgeries
and admissions were evaluated. The two groups compared in terms of triage color codes, and final decisions.
Patients’ demographic data such as age and gender, triage color code, consultation order clinic, type of visit
(regular vs control), and operational data (type of surgery, prophylaxis status, place of OR etc) were recorded.
Results: A total of 89,674 patients presented to the emergency department in the 50-day period in 2019 and
53,745 patients in the same period of time in 2020. The number of patients presenting to the emergency
department decreased by 40.07% within the same period compared to the previous year. The percentage of
patients with the green triage code was decreased in 2020 by 30% compared to 2019, while the percentage
of yellow triage code was increased in 2020 by 28.9% compared to 2019. There was a dramatic fall in urology
visits in 2020 by 85.91%.
Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing, and it seems likely to continue for some time, despite
all efforts including vaccination programs and novel drugs that will also become available in a short time. The
number of patients cosulted with urology outpatient clinic has decreased during the pandemic.

İn this study the seoprevalance of HBsAg, antiHBs, and antiHBc were investigated in the sera of the 214 nurses vvorking at the Selçuk University Medical Faculty Hospital. İn one sample (0.5%) isolated antiHBc seropositivity was found, liver function tests and HBV-DNA was negative for this nurse and she was put into vaccination programme, one month after the vaccination anti HBs was found positive. Two of the nurses (0.9%) were found seropositive for both HBsAg and anti HBc, liver function tests were normal so these two nurses were considered as carrier. İn 14 nurses anti HBs and anti HBc were found positive together and this condition was considered as remote hepatitis B infection. 194 Nurses who were negative for hepatitis B virüs markers were put into vaccination programme.

İn this study the seoprevalance of HBsAg, antiHBs, and antiHBc were investigated in the sera of the 214 nurses vvorking at the Selçuk University Medical Faculty Hospital. İn one sample (0.5%) isolated antiHBc seropositivity was found, liver function tests and HBV-DNA was negative for this nurse and she was put into vaccination programme, one month after the vaccination anti HBs was found positive. Two of the nurses (0.9%) were found seropositive for both HBsAg and anti HBc, liver function tests were normal so these two nurses were considered as carrier. İn 14 nurses anti HBs and anti HBc were found positive together and this condition was considered as remote hepatitis B infection. 194 Nurses who were negative for hepatitis B virüs markers were put into vaccination programme.

İn this study the seropositivity of antiHA VlgM and IgG, HBsAg, HBeAg, antiHBe, antiHBs, antiHBdgM, antiHBc and antiHCV were investigated in the sera of 96 staff working at the kitchen of different goverment departments and 100 healthy people. İn the sera of staff vvorking in the kitchen antiHAVIgG was 93.7% (90/96) positive and in the control group 92% positive. AntiHAVIgM was found negative in ali of the staff and control group. The seropositivity of HBsAg, HBeAg, antiHBe, antiHBc and antiHBs were found as 5.2, 2.1, 3.1, 17.7, 14.6 % respectively in the control group these markers were found 7, 7, 0, 27, 34 % respedively. AntiHBdgM was negative in al! of the sera. Anti HCV was found positive at one kitchen staff and at the two person of the control group. For the staff who were negative for hepatitis A and B virüs markers a vaccination programme was planned.

The study was aimed to determine the ratio of properly timed vaccination according to national vaccine schedule in two time points. Method: The study was performed in Konya city center at the years 1997 and 2007. The subjects were obtained from children aged 0 to 23 months by using systematic cluster sampling. Also power estimated was received attention in this formula. Sample sizes were 467 and 380 for 1997 and 2007, respectively. The data was collected by observation and inquiry techniques. Results: Proportion of children age-appropriately immunized was 79.9 % for year 1997. However the ratio of properly timed vaccination for the vaccine schedule was only 35.3 %. These ratios for year 2007 were 84.2 % and 63.7 %, respectively. Mother’s age and educational level, children’s age and labor order, having a vaccine card, a history of sickness can be prevented by the vaccine in family members and economic status were related to the national vaccine schedule. Conclusion: We consider following families who have more children for vaccination, bringing to mind vaccination date for children aged bigger than six months and taking some cautions in order to protect vaccination card.

Chest pain is the most common reason of emergency service visits and is analysed in two subdivisions as cardiac and non-cardiac. Pain of cardiac origin is well understood but pathophysiology of non-cardiac chest pain is complex and poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to assess the characteristics of patients and final diagnoses of patienets admitted to pulmonary clinic with chest pain. In our study, we prospectively analyzed 97 male and 103 female in a total 200 patients who admitted to pulmonary clinic with chest pain. Demographic, clinic characteristics, medical and family histories were noted. After their consultation with the relevant clinic within indications their final diagnosis were recorded. According to the results, pain with musculoskeletal origin was the most common, gastrooesophageal reflux the second, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and acute bronchitis related chest pain was the third most common reason. In conclusion majority of patients admitted to pulmonary clinics with chest pain mostly are related to musculoskeletal reasons. On the other hand, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and acute bronchitis patients especially who are not diagnosed yet may define shortnes of breath and chest tightness as chest pain.

The purpose of this study was to designate the prevalences of Toxoplasma, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, HBV, anti-HBs, HCV, HIV among first trimester pregnant women and investigate the relationship between age groups, parity. This study included 2900, under 12 gestational weeks pregnant women, ages ranging from 16 to 45 admitted to Bayrampasa State Hospital obstetrics and gynecology outpatient department between November 2011 and February 2013. Toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, HBV, hepatitis B infection, HCV, HIV was studied in suitable pregnant women and results were analyzed. Age groups, gravida, parity number were questioned. The mean age of the pregnant women participating in the study was 27.78±5.57 (16-45), mean gestation was 2.21±1.39 (1-8), mean parity was 0.78±0.89 (0-5), mean gestational age on admission was 8±3 (5-12). Toxoplasma IgG, Rubella IgG, Cytomegalovirus IgG, HBsAg, antiHBs, HCV, antiHİV seropositivity were respectively 31.2%, 95.7%, 99.2%, 2.4%, 22.1%, 0.1%, 0%; and Toxoplasma IgM, Rubella IgM, cytomegalovirus IgM seropositivity percentages, were respectively 0.9%, 0.15%, 0.7%. Toxoplasma seropositivity rate is similar to Turkey data. Rubella seronegativity was found lower then the data of Turkey and with the prepregnancy vaccination this value can be pulled the level of European countries. The high level of CMV seropositivity in our study indicates the low socioeconomic status. HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HCV and anti-HIV levels were close to the average of Turkey. According to them, in addition to routine screening of TORCH, screening for HBsAg and anti-HBs appears appropriate, anti-HCV and anti-HIV screening is not cost effective.

Electrical stimulation of the supraorbital nerve on one side evokes early reflex contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscle ipsilaterally (R1) and late reflexes bilaterally (direct-R2 and consensual-R2c). The Central pathway of the R1 may conduct through the pons but the exact Central pathvvay of the R2 is not entirely understood. İt has been presumed that the stimulus goes up to the opposite thalamus and/or cortex, than project down to bilateral facial nuclei. İn this study, the blink reflex was investigated in 13 patients with thalamic hemorrhage and in 12 normal subjects. R1 was normal on both side stimulation but R2 and R2c obtained by stimulation on the paretic side slo- wer in latency compared with responses of the non paretic side and the values of the normal subjects. İt is pre­ sumed that the thalamus may modulate the second component of the blink reflex.

Neonatal hemochromatosis is a rare disease clinically defined as severe neonatal liver disease in association with extrahepatic siderozis. The etiology of neonatal hemochromatosis is not understood exactly. However, according to a theory neonatal hemochromatosis is accepted to be an alloimmune disorder causing liver injury in fetus. After an effected one in the pregnancy the recurrence rate of neonatal hemochromatosis is ~80%. Hepatocellular failure which occurs in the first days of life with coagulopathy, hypoglycemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypofibrinogenemia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, and direct and indirect hyperbilirubinemia characterizes neonatal hemochromatosis. In order to diagnose neonatal hemochromatosis there are some certain criteria that sould be taken into account such as a positive family history, high serum ferritin levels, high serum alpha-fetoprotein levels and siderozis demonstrated with histology or with magnetic resonance. Since an affective medical treatment has not been found yet, liver transplantation is almost always required. The prognosis of neonatal hemochromatosis is generally poor. This review will discuss neonatal hemochromatosis that leads to liver failure in the fetus or newborn.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of hypermetabolic axillary lymph nodes due to COVID-19
vaccines and the factors affecting hypermetabolic axillary lymph nodes in F18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)
positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in on cology patients.
Patients and Methods: Among the patients who underwent FDG PET/CT in our institution between
January 15, 2021, and June 15, 2021, those who received one or two doses of COVID-19 vaccine
(CoronaVac or Biontech) were included in the study. Presence and number of ipsilateral hypermetabolic
axillary lymph nodes, FDG uptake, and whether there was a difference between these data after the 1st
and 2nd vaccination were investigated.
Results: Unilateral hypermetabolic axillary lymph nodes was observed in 9.9% (18/182) of the patients
[9.6% (9/94) after 1st dose, 10.2% (9/88) after 2nd dose] vaccinated with CoronaVac; It was detected in
37.5% (9/24) of the patients [35% (7/20) after 1st dose, 50% (2/4) after 2nd dose] who vaccinated with
Biontech. A negative correlation was found between the presence of hypermetabolic axillary lymph nodes
and age in patients who vaccinated with CoronaV ac.
Conclusion: The frequency of hipermetabolik aksiller lenf nodu after CoronaVac was lower than that
observed after mRNA vaccines, a small group of patients in our study, and lower than reported in the
literature. However, the statistical difference could not be evaluated due to the insufficient number of
patients in the Biontech group. A brief history of vaccination is recommended before FDG PET/CT to
reduce false positives. The potential role of FDG PET/CT in comparing the efficacy of vaccines produced
with dif ferent biotechnologies should be searched in studies with large r patient populations.